Table 2 Matrix of factor loadings for the questionnaire items of the ESQ-NS after rotation, along with skewness and kurtosis

1

To prevent patient falls, the bedrails were raised.

0.744

0.128

− 0.058

-1.24

0.6

2

Despite the patient’s refusal to reposition due to pain, position changes were implemented to prevent postoperative complications.

0.881

0.089

0.004

− 0.13

− 0.68

3

Despite patients in the terminal phase of illness refusing position changes due to respiratory distress, position changes were performed every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers.

0.819

0.138

− 0.068

− 0.37

− 0.56

4

An elderly patient who expressed a desire to return home was placed in a long-term care facility due to the lack of available family caregivers.

0.860

0.136

0.090

0.038

− 0.64

5

A pressure-relieving mattress with a sensor and alarm was placed in the bed of patients who had experienced a fall on the unit.

0.812

0.036

0.022

0.36

-1.2

6

A patient with dementia, seated in a wheelchair and secured with a safety belt, was permitted to stay at the nursing station.

0.803

0.113

0.177

0.99

− 0.088

7

The patient, who identified as a different gender, was uncomfortable with you observing them during a shower but agreed to it after being persuaded.

0.821

0.132

0.109

0.084

-1.13

8

To administer medication to a patient with dementia who refused to take it orally, the medication was crushed and hidden in a beverage without the patient’s knowledge.

0.778

0.148

0.160

0.54

− 0.68

9

At the request of a patient in the terminal phase of illness, two nurses coordinated to provide a bath.

0.224

0.845

− 0.008

0.8

− 0.041

10

At the request of an inpatient who always received bed baths, a regular bath was provided under the supervision of a nurse with the assistance of nursing assistants.

0.219

0.850

− 0.076

0.33

0.9

11

To regulate the eating pace of patients with dysphagia, the patient was monitored for at least one hour during mealtimes and assisted with eating.

0.007

0.762

− 0.012

− 0.71

0.17

12

The status of the patient was reported to the charge nurse.

0.079

− 0.023

0.890

− 0.67

− 0.4

13

The details of patient care were reported to the unit’s clinical manager (shift leader, head nurse, supervisor).

0.071

− 0.060

0.874

0.88

0.34

Eigenvalue

5.821

1.948

1.448

Percentage of the variance (%)

41.786

16.444

12.669