Psychometric evaluation of the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) scale among people with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia: a tool validation study

Table 6 Discriminate validity of the Eth-PAID and Eth-PAID-5 by demographic and clinical factors (n = 200)

Variables	Category	Full form PAID												PAID-5
		One factor [38]	Two factors [40]		Two factors [31]		Three factors [39]			Four factors [24]				One factor [35]
		One factor [38]	SC1	SC2	SC1	SC2	SC1	SC2	SC3	SC1	SC2	SC3	SC4	One factor [35]
Gender	Male (102)	25.30 ± 11.98	7.56 ± 5.34	17.73 ± 8.28	19.32 ± 9.03	6.08 ± 4.28	20.32 ± 8.82	3.06 ± 2.81	1.911 ± 2.26	17.18 ± 7.61	3.13 ± 2.81	3.06 ± 2.81	1.91± 2.26	8.47± 3.55
	Female(98)	30.16 ± 13.11	8.78 ± 5.37	21.37 ± 9.02	22.21 ± 9.73	7.33 ± 4.62	24.41 ± 10.0	3.57± 2.86	2.17 ± 2.26	20.97 ± 8.20	3.43 ± 2.58	3.57± 2.86	2.17± 2.26	9.24± 4.06
	t	-2.732	-1.605	-2.971	-2.715	-1.98	-3.054	-1.251	-0.818	-3.385	-0.787	-1.251	-0.818	-1.432
	P	0.007	0.110	0.003	0.007	0.049	0.003	0.213	0.414	0.001	0.431	0.213	0.414	0.154
	d	0.39*	0.27	0.42*	0.43*	0.28	0.43*	0.18	0.12	0.48*	0.11	0.18	0.12	0.20
Living arrangement	LWF* (187)	28.05 ± 12.98	8.25± 5.48	19.79 ± 8.90	21.32± 9.65	6.72 + 4.56	22.66 + 9.77	3.35+ 2.90	2.02 + 2.30	19.27 + 8.20	3.39 + 2.73	3.35+ 2.90	2.02 + 2.30	8.94± 3.89
	LA* (13)	22.38 ± 7.27	6.84± 3.41	15.53 ± 6.62	16.07± 15.93	6.30 + 3.27	17.46 + 6.07	2.69+ 1.84	2.23 + 1.42	15.69 + 5.90	1.76 + 1.58	2.69+ 1.84	2.23 + 1.42	7.53 ± 2.18
	t	2.542	1.372	2.183	2.930	0.433	2.844	1.203	0.475	2.055	3.349	1.203	-0.475	2.095
	P	0.021	0.188	0.045	0.009	0.671	0.011	0.246	0.641	0.057	0.004	0.246	0.641	0.051
	d	0.45	026	0.49	0.52	0.093	0.54	0.23	0.093	0.44	0.61	0.23	0.093	0.37

PDSMS, Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale; FBS, Fasting Blood Glucose; *p < 0.05, d*= Cohen’s effect size, LWF*: Lived with family, LA*:Lived alone, SC: Subclass

ISSN: 1756-0500