From: Enhancing professional development in medical residency through a shadow curriculum: an evaluation based on Kirkpatrick model
Specialty
Phase
N
Mean ± SD
P-value
Ophthalmology
Pre-test
Post-test
8
17.50 ± 1.41
20.62 ± 2.50
< 0.001
Urology
6
11.83 ± 4.87
19.00 ± 2.09
< 0.01
Internal medicine
15.50 ± 1.77
18.87 ± 1.35