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Table 3 Average changes in pre/post-test scores by specialty

From: Enhancing professional development in medical residency through a shadow curriculum: an evaluation based on Kirkpatrick model

Specialty

Phase

N

Mean ± SD

P-value

Ophthalmology

Pre-test

Post-test

8

8

17.50 ± 1.41

20.62 ± 2.50

< 0.001

Urology

Pre-test

Post-test

6

6

11.83 ± 4.87

19.00 ± 2.09

< 0.01

Internal medicine

Pre-test

Post-test

8

8

15.50 ± 1.77

18.87 ± 1.35

< 0.001