Fig. 3

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Helicobacter pylori, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium spp. in the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers. a Total pathogen counts across all three rivers. b Seasonal variation in pathogen counts. c Comparison of pathogen counts before and after the Mindo community. d Pathogen distribution by sampling points (before and after the community) for the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers. e Heatmap illustrating pathogen counts in each river