Characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients with overt cardiovascular diseases in Malaysia: the real-world evidence from the National Diabetes Registry

Table 2 Factors associated with cardiovascular disease, n = 18,285

Characteristics	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence intervals	P values
Sex – male	1.60	1.36–1.87	< 0.001
Age
18–49 years	1.00
50–59 years	1.44	1.02–2.03	0.036
≥ 60 years	1.81	1.30–2.51	< 0.001
Duration of diabetes
< 5 years	1.00
5–10 years	2.40	1.94–2.96	< 0.001
> 10 years	3.79	2.99–4.79	< 0.001
Hypertension	2.76	1.89–4.03	< 0.001
Dyslipidaemia	1.74	1.35–2.23	0.001
Nephropathy	1.79	1.40–2.27	< 0.001
Diabetes treatment modality
Lifestyle modification only OHA only Insulin only Both OHA and insulin	1.00 1.28 2.35 1.74	0.73–2.24 1.28–4.31 0.97–3.13	0.384 0.006 0.063
Antiplatelet agent	4.13	3.49–4.88	< 0.001
Achieved HbA1c control	3.19	2.66–3.83	< 0.001
Achieved LDL cholesterol control	0.15	0.12–0.19	< 0.001

The forward stepwise selection method was used. Multicollinearity and interaction terms were assessed. The Omnibus test of the model coefficient was significant, P < 0.001 and the model was valid, P = 0.204 for the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The overall correct percentage based on the classification table was 96.0%, and the coefficient of determination was 24.0%.

ISSN: 1756-0500