Table 3 Removal efficiency of Raw water microflora and its potentially toxic elements/metals composition using ESW before and after Raw water treatment

PTEs removal efficiency

Metal Ion

Before ESW treatment

After ESW treatment

Lead (Pb)

0.45^e ± 0.02

0.0250^a ± 0.44

Cadmium (Cd)

0.88^f ± 0.11

0.3103^d ± 0.01

Iron (Fe)

0.25^c ± 0.14

0.1214^b ± 0.21

Microbial removal efficiency

Incubation time (h)

Total bacterial count (CFU/mL)

E. colidetection

(before treatment)

128

+ +

0

128

+

2

128

-

4

51

-

6

30<

-

24

30<

-