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Table 4 Examples of major scientific quality and reporting issues in retracted articles

From: Reviewing manuscripts for scientific journals: recommendations for early career scientists

Retracted article

Reasons for retraction

PMID: 38437195

Concerns were raised about potential undisclosed use of an artificial intelligence toolto generate text in the article due to inclusion of the phrase “regenerate response” and extensive reference list concerns. (The Journal) was unable to verify 18 of the 76 cited references, and 6 additional references appear to contain errors.” https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1371/journal.pone.0302484

PMID: 21173882

Theauthors did not provide the required IRB and informed consent informationrelating to this study and it was determined the study did not meet the standard ethical publication requirements for studies involving human subjects in research.” https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.2147/NDT.S296320

PMID: 32438138

“After post-publication investigation, issues related to the following were identified in the article: Inconsistency in study completion dates, Unfeasible data, Statistical errors” DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102820

PMID: 35351197

“After publication, concerns were raised regarding the statistical analysis in the article. Specifically, it is stated that the authors used the “Begger’s test”, which is not described in the literature”. https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1186/s13102-024-00994-3

PMID: 29523223

“Following the publication, concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article. The western blots in this article were presented with atypical, unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.” https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.32604/or.2024.055036

PMID: 37933361

“The images presented in Fig. 1have been plagiarized from an online lecturethat was uploaded to the internet, but removed by the original author after discovery of the plagiarism.” DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.7759/cureus.r147

https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1007/s10876-020-01935-z

“Recurring problems include, but are not limited to, citations which do not support claims made in the text, non-standard phrasing, anomalies in the figures and discrepancies in ethics approval statements.” DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1007/s10876-024-02558-4

PMID: 38482071

“Following publication, the Editorial Office was made aware thatan undeclared conflict of interest existed for this manuscript. This lack of declaration was an oversight by the authors but impacted the editors’ fair assessment of the manuscript as well as the peer review process.” https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1292432