Table 3 Strongest (p < 0.2) associations between questionnaire variables and salivary biomarkers of the neuroendocrine and immune systems: odds ratios of unhealthy biomarker values with 95% confidence limits
Outcome | Predictor | Number of observations | Odds ratio of unhealthy biomarker level* | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
α-amylase | Children are present in the household | 19 | 2.79 (0.99; 7.86) | 0.05 |
α-amylase | Loss of employment during past year | 19 | 4.13 (0.68; 25.0) | 0.12 |
α-amylase | Diabetes | 20 | 3.91 (0.53; 28.8) | 0.18 |
α-amylase | Difficulty adjusting to COVID-19 rules | 20 | 3.56 (0.55; 23.2) | 0.18 |
Cortisol level | Takes medicine for depression | 19 | 6.43 (0.67; 61.9) | 0.11 |
Cortisol level | Loss of employment during past year | 19 | 4.41 (0.70; 27.6) | 0.11 |
Cortisol level | Treated for depression | 19 | 6.22 (0.64; 60.3) | 0.11 |
Cortisol level | Age, per 1Â year increase | 20 | 1.06 (0.99; 1.13) | 0.12 |
Cortisol level | Takes medicine for anxiety | 19 | 3.66 (0.52; 26.0) | 0.19 |
CRP | Allergy to house dust requiring treatment | 20 | 5.72 (0.95; 34.33) | 0.06 |
CRP | Allergy to house dust | 20 | 8.00 (0.77; 82.90) | 0.08 |
CRP | Allergy to pollen requiring treatment | 20 | 4.18 (0.69; 25.38) | 0.12 |
CRP | Self-reported chronic obesity | 20 | 3.68 (0.61; 22.02) | 0.15 |
CRP | Visited doctor due to a health issue | 20 | 3.44 (0.55; 21.33) | 0.18 |
DHEA | Age, per 1Â year increase | 20 | 1.09 (1.00; 1.18) | 0.04 |
DHEA | Recreational alcohol use | 18 | 4.70 (0.63; 35.0) | 0.13 |
IgA | Allergy to house dust | 20 | 12.7 (1.23; 132) | 0.03 |
IgA | Allergy to dust requiring treatment | 20 | 6.53 (1.05; 40.4) | 0.04 |
IgA | Allergy to pollen requiring treatment | 20 | 5.30 (0.81; 34.6) | 0.08 |
IgA | Allergy to pollen | 20 | 5.39 (0.55; 52.7) | 0.15 |
IgA | Self-reported chronic obesity | 20 | 3.45 (0.57; 20.9) | 0.18 |
IL-1β | Allergy to house dust | 20 | 11.4 (1.10; 118) | 0.04 |
IL-1β | Allergy to medicine | 20 | 6.05 (1.00; 36.7) | 0.05 |
IL-1β | Diabetes | 20 | 4.40 (0.57; 34.1) | 0.16 |
IL-1β | Allergy to pollen | 20 | 4.98 (0.51; 49.1) | 0.17 |
IL-6 | Insomnia | 19 | 5.06 (0.64; 40.1) | 0.13 |
IL-6 | DASS-21 stress score, per unit increase | 17 | 1.24 (0.94; 1.64) | 0.14 |
IL-6 | Sleeping difficulties (any reason) | 19 | 4.72 (0.55; 40.6) | 0.16 |
IL-6 | Allergy to dust requiring treatment | 20 | 3.50 (0.54; 22.6) | 0.19 |