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Table 2 The extracd codes, ategoies, and subcategories

From: Investigating the barriers to air medical services in accidents and disasters in Iran and suggesting solutions: a qualitative study

Category

Subcategory

Code

Planning

Uidelines and policies

Updating protocols

Increasing capacity

Safety and security

Safe flight conditions

Safety at the scene of accidents

Management of crowds

Safety workshops

Safety of hangars

Management of resources

Financial resources

Cost of maintaining helicopters

High cost of flights

Costly services

Inadequate credit

High cost of spare parts (due to sanctions)

Acquiring funds from outside hospital sources for building helipads

Acquiring funds from bodies responsible for crisis management

Performance of the personnel

Preparation for disaster

Reducing response time

Transporting equipment and personnel in the shortest possible time

quick evaluation of accidents

Management of the scene of accidents

Equipment

Provision of spare parts

Provision of equipment for night flights

Provision of appropriate and uniform gears

Smart equipment

Provision of medical equipment fit for use in helicopters (defibrillators)

Structure

Building helipads

Accessing hard-to-reach and mountainous areas

Identifying disaster-prone areas

Placing helipad construction among hospitals’ financial allocations

Improving infrastructure

Updating procedures

Helicopters

Upgrading air vehicles

Helicopters equipped for night flights

Ownership of helicopters

Helicopter hangars

Physical restrictions inside helicopters

Restrictions in transporting victims by helicopter

Solutions to sanction-related barriers to acquiring specialized helicopters and equipment

Restrictions in military helicopters flying over residential areas

Standards

Standard equipment

Systematizing requests for helicopters

Disaster response protocols

Influential factors in quality of services

Restricted access to victims

Sanctions

Non-medical requests for helicopters

Delay in missions

Disregard for training in practice

Empowerment of human resources

Education

Educating the HEMS and GEMS personnel

Education in management of the scene of accidents

Educating personnel specialized in air emergency services in schools

Educating the police force and Red Crescent personnel

Education designed to enhance the satisfaction of the personnel’s families

Training

Scientific and practical workshops

Stress-inducing factors

Weather conditions

Being the only paramedic on a flight

Promotion and retention

Making use of the experience of retired personnel and peers

Motivating the personnel