Haemoglobin types and variant interference with HbA1c and its association with uncontrolled HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 General demographic and laboratory characteristics of the study participants

Characteristics	Diabetics (n = 72)	Non-diabetics (n = 72)	p value
Age, (Years)	58 (13)	54.5 (25)	0.014^b
Sex, n (%)
Male	23(31.9)	20 (27.8)	0.585^a
Female	49 (68.1)	52(72.2)	0.585^a
Haemoglobin type
HbA0	79.9 (5.9)	86.4 (3.2)	0.001^b
HbA2	2.3 (1.2)	2.75(0.8)	0.001^b
HbF present (0.3–17.1%)	29 (40.3)	54 (75)	0.001^a
Absent (0.0%)	43 (59.7)	18 (25)	0.001^a
Haemoglobin variant n (%)			0.64^b
HbAA 128 (88.9)	64 (88.9)	64 (88.9)
HbAS 16 (11.9)	8 (11.1)	8 (11.9)
Haematological parameters
Haemoglobin, gdL^− 1	14.0 (2.6)	12.7 (2.7)	0.003^b
Haematocrit, %	41.5(5.4)	39.8 (8.6)	0.091^b
RBC, (× 10¹²µL^− 1)	5.0 (0.8)	4.9(0.9)	0.273^b
MCV, fL	84.45 (7.7)	82.4 (12.2)	0.546^b
MCH, Pg	28.2 (4.0)	26.2 (4.6)	0.007^b
MCHC, gdL^− 1	33.35 (3.6)	31.8 (4.1)	0.001^b

Data are presented as the median (interquartile range; IQR) values unless stated otherwise. Study participants were categorized based on diabetes status as diabetic and non-diabetic ^a Statistical significance was determined by the Chi-square (χ²) analysis. ^b Statistical significance was determined using Mann Whitney test. p values in bold are statistically significance at p < 0.05. Abbreviations: RBC -Red cell count, MCV; Mean cell volume, MCH; Mean cell haemoglobin and MCHC; Mean cell haemoglobin concentration, HbA0; Major adult haemoglobin, HbA2; Minor adult haemoglobin, HbAA; Homozygous wild type of the normal haemoglobin and HbAS; Heterozygous sickle cell trait

ISSN: 1756-0500