Table 6 Prevalence and distribution of resistance genes in the isolated Salmonella strains
Agent | Isolate | Gene | Migratory birds | Broiler farms | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total no. of positive isolates (%) | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Total no. of positive isolates (%) | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |||
SXT | Salmonella | Sul1 | 118/122 (96.7) | 22/22 100% | 25/26 96.2% | 26/29 89.7% | 25/25 100% | 20/20 100% | 119/123 (96.7) | 24/24 100% | 26/28 92.9% | 20/20 100% | 23/25 92% | 26/26 100% |
T | TetA (A) | 78/95 (82) | 10/14 71.4% | 20/29 69% | 13/13 100% | 21/25 84% | 14/14 100% | 109/114 (95.6) | 27/27 100% | 25/27 92.6% | 18/18 100% | 17/20 85% | 22/22 100% | |
E | ereA | 66/160 (41.3) | 10/28 35.7% | 14/37 37.8% | 17/39 43.6% | 15/25 60% | 10/31 32.3% | 59/126 (46.8) | 13/27 48.1% | 15/28 53.6% | 7/20 35% | 10/25 40% | 14/26 53.9% | |
AM | blaTEM | 124/131 (94.7) | 15/15 100% | 26/28 92.9% | 30/32 93.8% | 23/25 92% | 30/31 96.8% | 124/127 (97.6) | 28/28 100% | 28/28 100% | 18/20 90% | 24/25 96% | 26/26 100% | |
NA | qnrA | 163/169 (96.4) | 32/32 100% | 37/37 100% | 42/42 100% | 20/25 80% | 32/33 97% | 127/129 (98.4) | 28/28 100% | 28/28 100% | 20/20 100% | 25/27 92.6% | 26/26 100% | |
SXT | E. coli | Sul1 | 151/158 (95.6) | 43/46 93.5% | 25/25 100% | 31/34 91.2% | 34/34 100% | 18/19 94.7% | 225/228 (98.7) | 45/46 97.8% | 44/44 100% | 40/42 95.2% | 48/48 100% | 48/48 100% |
T | TetA (A) | 176/192 (91.7) | 46/46 100% | 27/30 90% | 40/44 90.9% | 40/47 85.1% | 23/25 92% | 226/234 (96.6) | 40/42 95.2% | 50/50 100% | 41/46 89.1% | 49/50 98% | 46/46 100% | |
E | ereA | 89/243 (36.6) | 12/57 21.1% | 20/40 50% | 15/51 29.4% | 33/61 54.1% | 9/34 26.5% | 83/239 (34.7) | 18/45 40% | 20/50 40% | 15/46 32.6% | 11/49 22.4% | 19/49 38.8% | |
AM | blaTEM | 128/131 (97.7) | 48/48 100% | 22/22 100% | 24/27 88.9% | 24/24 100% | 10/10 100% | 184/189 (97.4) | 41/41 100% | 38/41 92.7% | 35/36 97.2% | 33/34 97.1% | 37/37 100% | |
NA | qnrA | 194/197 (98.5) | 56/58 96.6% | 31/31 100% | 35/36 97.2% | 47/47 100% | 25/25 100% | 235/239 (98.3) | 47/47 100% | 47/50 94% | 46/46 100% | 49/50 98% | 46/46 100% | |